Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 1 (PT-1) Practice Exam

A red image against a white background is most likely seen when using which type of penetrant?

1. Fluorescent dye penetrant

2. Water washable penetrant

3. Visible dye penetrants

4. Non-water washable penetrant

The correct answer is: Visible dye penetrants

A red image against a white background is characteristic of visible dye penetrants, which are designed to provide a strong contrast that makes discontinuities easily detectable. When a visible dye penetrant is applied to a surface, it seeps into any surface openings, like cracks or porosity. After the excess penetrant is removed, the penetrant remains in the discontinuities and is very prominent against a light background, typically enhancing visibility. This type of penetrant works by utilizing a colored dye that is easy to see in normal lighting conditions, which significantly aids inspectors during assessments. The use of a red dye against white backgrounds is specifically intended to create a clear and easily observable indication of any flaws in the material being tested. In comparison, fluorescent dye penetrants require specific lighting conditions (ultraviolet light) to excite the dye, so they wouldn't present a clear red image in standard white light. Water washable and non-water washable penetrants can also produce various colors, but the expectation for a bright, easily viewed image against white specifically aligns best with visible dye penetrants. Overall, the visible dye penetrant uniquely provides that clear, red-on-white contrast that directly corresponds to the question.